Two groundbreaking studies published in March by Ifremer have unveiled the secrets behind the iconic hues of French Polynesia’s black pearls, offering new hope for an industry facing economic challenges.
Conducted under the Ameligen scientific program with Criobe, private stakeholders, and local authorities, these DRM-funded studies provide crucial insights into improving pearl quality while reducing production volumes.
The Genetics of Color: Yellow, Green & Red
The March 15th study decoded the genetic basis of pearl coloration by analyzing pigments in donor oyster shells. Key findings:
- 7 genes linked to yellow shells
- 19 genes for green shells
- 24 genes for red shells
These base colors—when combined with black or albino nacre—directly determine a pearl’s final shade. This breakthrough could enable more consistent color production, enhancing market value.
Depth as a Color Amplifier
The March 19th study revealed how environmental factors, particularly farming depth, intensify hues. Researchers observed:
- Epigenetic modifications in deep-water oysters
- Darker pearls with richer luster (highly prized by buyers)
Industry Implications
These discoveries allow:
✔️ Precision control of cultivation conditions
✔️ Strategic repositioning in global markets
✔️ Reduced production waste
For a sector still recovering from pandemic-related export declines, this research lights the way toward sustainable revitalization of Polynesia’s pearl industry.
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