Blue Economy in Polynesia: A Marine Giant Still in the Making

With its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) spanning 5.5 million square kilometers, French Polynesia boasts one of the largest maritime territories in the world. Yet, according to a recent IEOM study, the economic potential of this vast marine space remains largely untapped.

In 2015, Polynesia’s blue economy generated reported revenues of 39 billion Fcfp, though IEOM estimates suggest the actual figure could approach 47 billion Fcfp. Despite this oceanic wealth, economic valorization remains moderate, hindered by various structural obstacles.

Maritime transport stands as the primary driver of this economy, accounting for a quarter of total revenue—10 billion Fcfp annually. This sector remains a cornerstone, supporting both inter-island commerce and international trade.

Aquaculture shows significant untapped potential. While its 2015 revenue capped at 500 million Fcfp, its development could reach 5.7 billion Fcfp by integrating processing and commercialization. However, the specific accounting of pearl farms in remote areas partially skews current estimates.

Between 2010 and 2015, marine-related sectors saw an average annual growth of 8%, led primarily by fisheries and shipbuilding. These positive trends chart a path for the future.

Seafood products, the spearhead of Polynesian exports, earned 10 billion Fcfp in 2015. Meanwhile, the tourism industry, deeply tied to the ocean, generated 46 billion Fcfp—14.4 billion of which came directly from maritime activities, according to ISPF figures.

The blue economy currently employs nearly 4,850 people. Fishing and pearl farming remain traditional pillars, heavily weighting goods exports. The yachting and cruise sectors are also thriving, with 800 boats recorded in Polynesia in 2015.

Despite these advances, IEOM identifies vast untapped potential, particularly in aquaculture. Large-scale projects like the Hao aquaculture farm could profoundly transform the industry in coming years.

In response, Teva Rohfritsch, Minister of the Blue Economy, emphasized the strategic importance of marine resources for Polynesia, announcing new initiatives to maximize sustainable exploitation of this invaluable oceanic asset.