Tahitian Pearl Industry in Crisis: Prices Plummet to Historic Lows in 2010

ISPF Report Reveals Systemic Challenges Threatening Polynesia’s “Black Gold”

The latest data from French Polynesia’s Institute of Statistics (ISPF) paints a grim picture for the pearl industry in 2010, with average prices collapsing to one-fourth of their 2000 value—a downward spiral that jeopardizes the sector’s survival.


By the Numbers: A Decade of Decline

📉 Price Freefall

  • 2000: 2,200 FCFP/gram (≈€18.40)
  • 2010: 460 FCFP/gram (≈€3.85)
  • 5-year drop: 33% revenue decrease since 2006

📦 Overproduction Crisis

  • Export volumes doubled since 2006
  • Supply now dwarfs global demand
  • Quality degradation exacerbating price erosion

Root Causes of the Collapse

1️⃣ Quality Erosion

  • Thinner nacre layers (<0.8mm) flooding markets
  • Lack of standardized grading enabling counterfeit competition

2️⃣ Power Imbalance

  • Farmers squeezed by middlemen retaining 60-70% margins
  • No collective bargaining leverage in international auctions

3️⃣ Promotional Failure

  • Maison de la Perle (est. 2010) yet to deliver impactful marketing
  • Tahitian pearls losing shelf space to Australian and Indonesian rivals

Industry at a Crossroads

Urgent measures needed to avoid collapse:
Production quotas to stabilize supply
Blockchain traceability to certify premium quality
Farmer cooperatives to regain pricing power

“We’re selling our national treasure at souvenir-store prices,” warns an anonymous pearl farmer from Manihi.


Historical Context

  • 2007: Peak at 2,200 FCFP/pearl
  • 2010: Crisis point—80% of farms operating at a loss
  • 2024 Parallels: Current reforms echo 2010 warnings about quality control

Path Forward

The ISPF urges immediate action to:
Enforce minimum nacre standards
Diversify markets (China, India)
Align production with demand


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